Merokok Membuat Otak Bodoh

Merokok Membuat Otak Bodoh Bukti efek negatif dari kebiasaan merokok kembali diungkap oleh sebuah penelitian. Para ahli di Inggris menunjukkan bahwa merokok dapat mempercepat penurunan kualitas memori, cara berpikir, dan belajar khususnya di kalangan pria. Temuan ini menambah daftar panjang alasan bagi para perokok untuk segera berhenti.

Bukan rahasia lagi kalau dalam sebatang rokok setidaknya terkandung sekitar 4.000 zat kimia yang berbahaya bagi tubuh manusia. Tak heran apabila banyak penelitian menyebutkan bahwa asap rokok memiliki andil besar dalam merusak kesehatan.

Dalam riset terbaru yang dipublikasikan pada 6 Februari 2012 dalam jurnal Archives of General Psychiatry, Severine Sabia dari University College London beserta rekan-rekannya menganalisis data sekitar 5.100 pria dan lebih dari 2.100 wanita. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menilai serta menganalisis responden terkait fungsi mental, seperti memori, pembelajaran, dan pengolahan pikiran.

Penilaian fungsi mental para responden dilakukan selama tiga kali selama kurun waktu 10 tahun. Sedangkan penilaian status merokok responden dilakukan enam kali dalam kurun waktu 25 tahun. Usia rata-rata responden adalah sekitar 56 tahun ketika penilaian pertama dilakukan.

Peneliti menemukan bahwa di kalangan kaum pria, merokok berhubungan dengan merosotnya kemampuan otak yang lebih cepat. Selain itu, penurunan yang lebih masif terjadi pada pria yang terus merokok selama masa penelitian.

Di antara responden yang berhenti merokok, upaya meninggalkan rokok rupanya tidak terlalu membantu. Peneliti menemukan bahwa pria yang berhenti merokok dalam 10 tahun sebelum penilaian pertama dilakukan ternyata masih berisiko mengalami penurunan mental, terutama terkait fungsi "eksekutif" pada otak. Namun, mereka yang telah berhenti merokok dalam jangka waktu lama, cenderung mengalami penurunan fungsi otak lebih lambat.

"Akhirnya, hasil penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara merokok dengan penurunan kemampuan mental, terutama pada usia lebih tua," kata peneliti.

Peneliti menambahkan, meski temuan tersebut telah menemukan hubungan antara merokok dan penurunan mental pada pria, tetapi hal ini tidak membuktikan hubungan sebab-akibat.

"Temuan ini menggarisbawahi bahwa merokok memiliki dampak buruk terhadap otak. Kebiasaan merokok di usia pertengahan adalah faktor yang dapat dimodifikasi yang mana efeknya mungkin setara dengan penurunan (fungsi mental) hingga rata-rata 10 tahun," kata Dr Marc Gordon, Kepala Neurologi di Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, yang tidak terlibat dalam penelitian.

Dalam riset ini, para ahli tidak menemukan hubungan antara efek merokok dan penurunan fungsi mental pada kaum wanita. Alasan untuk perbedaan jenis kelamin ini belum terungkap dengan jelas. Tetapi, hal itu mungkin berkaitan dengan fakta bahwa pria umumnya cenderung merokok lebih banyak ketimbang wanita.

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7 Reasons to Move Work

There are so many reasons to change job, but there are only 7 good reason to make it happen. Please check again whether the 7th is the reason you have?

1. Uh, Bored
Worked for years to take care the same thing is to invite boredom. Initially may be happy, but if from day to day you do-that's all, yes also saturated. Bored is indeed a "major diseases" for many workers. Boredom you still can be treated by washing the eyes, leave, or vacation a few days. However, if you have been suffering from a chronic sense of boredom that makes you unproductive and never achieve the satisfaction of work, this could be a sign to look elsewhere.

2. Less financially
For most workers, money is an important motivator to keep the spirit of work. If you are getting bored with his job, you can divert your mind by considering the amount of your income. "Do not worry about his job, just think of the money," says an ad. Well, there is truth to that ad. So, if you often think, "Ah, if I had more money again," it has become a clue that you are not satisfied with the current salary so you can try other places that provide a larger income. But remember, with a larger salary, his responsibilities were usually larger as well.

3. Remote Location
Location is not just real estate business alone. These location factors also come into consideration employees to achieve the satisfaction of working in a company. His office was still delicious, but you must get up at 05.00 and travel 2-3 hours each day to get to the office. Pleasures derived can evaporate because of fatigue on the road. So, how close to your house to the office? If indeed you feel "old road", you may be looking for another career in a location that is more affordable to home. At least, you can search for jobs that are very flexible with time.

4. Management mess
Many companies do not have good management systems, such as: communication that is not smooth, non-transparent management, promotion increase is unclear, and prolonged overtime. If you are caught in an unprofessional management, unclear standards and promotion, and management that is applied is still looking for the ideal shape, you could consider to build a career in a new place.

5. Pursue Dream Career
What is the profession that your field is now the things you have dreamed about since childhood? If you are not lucky now to get a career dream, yet it's time you stopped in the middle of the road. Instead you pursue a career that makes you heartburn every day because it was not from the heart, better career so you reach your dreams. Paid less? It's okay, as long as it can make the heart happy. Not confident with the existing capabilities? Do not worry, now many educational paths that you can follow as the capital you are shooting a new career.

6. Minim Awards
You already took all the ability to produce the best work. However, what you do is often underestimated. Never give credit, give a little praise never alone. In fact, even the slightest appreciation has a tremendous effect to boost the spirit to work better. Well, if this time you often feel ignored the achievements of your office, and never appreciate your ability, maybe you can look elsewhere.

7. The shadows layoffs
Well, if this reason does not negotiable. You really have to think to move the work, before you wreck the company. So, if the shadow of layoffs already smell, and the company is not healthy anymore, do not delay, prepare yourself and your CV to try out a new career.

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Want to Move Work? Are you sure?

There is something else in this world is perfect. We all know that. Every thing must have positive and negative. So even on the job. When one discusses the office or company where he works, the word "hate", "disappointed", and similar are often thrown. In fact, the origin is known, such labels are labels that are very strong.

One can hate his job for many reasons. If you find yourself complaining about work, try again pause and ask yourself, if you really hate her job or something you can do to fix it but has not been done?

Here are 6 common reasons that make someone could catapult the word "hate" to the job and offer solutions that can help ease it.

"I am too (brilliant, experienced, innovative) to work here"
You feel you have good quality, but your workplace is less able to be a proper channel for your ability. If you are able to do the job more challenging or have more responsibilities, do not stop looking for him. On the other hand, do not let it dampen your best efforts to do the best, because you still need a recommendation and not to obtain a letter of dismissal. Try to offer to perform duties outside of your current responsibilities at the same time in order to add your resume on your job application letter. Plus, your time in the company will pass faster if you start trying to do things outside of the routine.

"No one thinks I'm important"
If the talent, effort, and your time wasted, you are eligible for a change. If you have the opportunity to speak privately with your boss, whether it's for work or an evaluation of a planned discussion, try to explain that you are worried you can not run a better job at the company's next achievement you can do, then give examples of results your contribution. When you frame the issue as a matter of professional, also illustrate how the company could see that what you are doing is pretty important, permanent home for the conversation revolves around the topic for the development of the company, rather than your complaint. No company issued a promotion or salary increase just because they think it's time. Companies responding to the results, not based on the calendar.

"For this title, a salary below the standards"
This may mean you can not wait to get a raise. First of all, it is commonplace for someone to think that he did not have enough salary. To be able to find out whether your work so far has been rewarded with revenue that fits with the results obtained outside the company of people who have the same titles and positions? Find out, if your salary is below the standard, try to discuss this return to your supervisor. But remember, not all companies have sufficient funds to pay its workers according to the standard. You who can measure the loyalty, needs, and job satisfaction.

"I do not care"
Do you really like the work you do this? If you melakoni profession that now only because it can pay the monthly bills, could be that you do not really like it. However, if you take this job because the other values ​​embodied, for example, chances to hone talents, learn new things, interact with many people, then you probably need to remind yourself to these things. Are other positions in the company yangs ama or elsewhere can meet your needs in ways that differ from this company? If you know that there are other more suitable opportunities for you, look for that opportunity. If you've reached the point of comfort zone, your work will tend to decline, your boss is not happy, and you only spend time themselves, also the company.

"I hate the boss"
You and the boss had to meet in the middle. Dealing with the boss is to find out what you can change and find out what is permanent. For example, a mikromanager may be more receptive to your needs for a freedom if you sit down with him and talking about it. But you can not expect someone will turn 180 degrees just to satisfy your wishes. Realize that some type of manager would want to listen to you and change the atmosphere of the office to create a better atmosphere. Others can not change their style like you have trouble changing your habits. Therefore, you must calculate and estimate what kind of compromise you can do. If the boss could never find the middle point with you, then it is time you find another job.

"I hate that there are co-workers"
Corporate culture to make you hot? Ketidakakraban with colleagues is a matter of similar problems with the boss. For this, you must be willing to try to budge a little. Sometimes, just a quick small talk can ease tension, however, there are certain times the differences can not be brokered. If you love your job, you can try to break away from situations that cause your co-worker stress. Maybe the problem is not because they have changed, but because you are already growing, and things you usually do with friends is now a tedious activity. Accept the fact that you could be a change and move away from friends and work, and then decide what you can do to deal with it.

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Etiquette Resigns

Decided to quit from the current workplace? Means now is the time you are preparing to take leave from office. So that was stamped defector or not loyal, mastered etiquette resigned from his book Mien Uno via Etiquette: Success Brings Self in All the following opportunities:

Make:
1. Directly express your intention to resign. Follow the company rules on the resignation. One of them lag time of resignation, because there are some companies that must provide a letter one month before the quit date, some are giving leeway within 2 weeks before the quit date.

2. Explain why you decided to stop working. But not to reveal the advantages you get in the new office. Simply say that you get a better chance and unfortunately if overlooked. If the problem is the incompatibility with your current employer, just say that the reason is "personally", do not need too explain. You never know what will happen in the future. Who knows you will meet with your boss on another occasion. Because it should talk that disfigure another person goes without say.

3. A time to thank all of your superiors, even though that relationship did not go smoothly. Write in your resignation letter of gratitude for their help and kindness he has given you so far.

4. Make sure you send a notice to colleagues or clients you've ever handled. The goal for our colleagues or clients know that you are no longer responsible for cooperation with them, also include the name of the person who will replace you.

Avoid:
1. Writing a resignation letter on paper bearing the logo of the company. Write down on top of plain white paper neatly.

2. Sending a letter is too close to the date you stopped working.

3. Delegated the task to someone new unresolved. Complete all your tasks as much as possible so as not to accumulate "debt" to replace you.

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Want to Move Immediately Work

Regarding the offer to join the new company as soon as possible, consider re-fit the aspirations and expectations with the conditions that exist in the new workplace. Is the field of employment and job challenge really suits your needs and will make developing your professional capacity? Did you take the decision to join this thoroughly or just survive for a while? Consider the consequences of short-term and long term you would naturally anticipate and prepare to face the consequences.

Explore the possibilities
If it turns out you assess that the consideration moving to the new company too hasty, to say your decision to join the company canceled a polite and diplomatic. Give a brief reason is acceptable, for example you are considering a job offer somewhere else or there are new developments that require your consideration at this time so that you can not join the new company immediately. Start the job search process again in a more selective with the proper research informally, through the job market, job opportunities, or networking channels owned until you get a place in accordance with the aspirations and needs.

If you rate the new company will feel comfortable, then you need to immediately complete the formal affairs in the old company. If you need help negotiating with a new company, at the latest when you can join them. If you really need your contributions, usually they will wait for a certain period. In some places, it is still possible to wait 1-2 months. However, elsewhere, there is a difficult compromise to wait. This is especially if there are other strong candidates who are ready to fill your position.

Before resigning
Ideally, you complete all the tasks and responsibilities in the workplace long before moving to the new. Professionally, it will be good for your reputation. Psychologically, you also will feel released from the burden of obligations that need to be addressed and the light entering the new world of work.

Here are the things that should be done as a formal resignation steps from where you work today:

1. Submit a formal resignation letter to the tolerance time according to predefined rules of personnel (eg: one month in advance). Include the date when you will stop and explain briefly the reasons of resignation because of the condition of the company. End the letter with a positive sentence, such as expression of gratitude for the opportunity that you can while working at the company.

2. Negotiate and reach agreement on salary, bonuses, commissions, and the other end of the facility you are entitled to receive a reference to labor standards and conditions in the company.

3. Agree and complete the task and responsibility of the end you need to complete, including in the realm of your job (job desc, client, financial, administrative). Clarify back, to which tasks it was declared completed so you do not requested for more responsibility. Agree on a reasonable deadline.

4. Say goodbye politely and exchanged contact numbers with superiors and coworkers on the last day in the company to build a professional network. This is especially because the working relationship has been good and terbina end because the condition of the company itself, not because of interpersonal conflicts or specific cases.

Good try and always take advantage of positive opportunities that exist. Whatever challenges you face later in the workplace, focus on efforts to address and manage these challenges well. Congratulations to design and establish your career.

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Avoid 12 Mistakes When Planning to Move Work

although necessary, it also has a career shift the risk of significant potential danger. Here are 12 things that generally happen when the officer tried to change his career.

1. There is no reason to make the change
This is one of the problems that often occur by someone who had a high level of change in self-obsession. If you do not want the stamp of "fleas" and did not want the place you are applying be afraid to accept you because they think you will soon be moving in 3 months, you should think carefully before you step to change job. Career change is not a trivial matter. Those who are most in need of a career change is experiencing stress and identity crisis. The fear of commitment and often jump at the workplace can complicate your akhirannya occupy important positions.

2. Lack of knowledge of experience
For children who just graduated from college, trying different places with different areas of work is fair, because they are still seeking the form themselves and their interests, and find what they want. But for a fairly mature age, displacement workplace really different areas, really take a high risk. Because the HRD where you apply will definitely notice the experience and background you to measure your readiness and usability to enterprise development. One step you can do before you actually move to a new field of work for you is to fill yourself with knowledge as much as possible about the subject.

3. Because money
One of the things that triggered the downfall of a person due to labor migration is due solely to pursue money. In fact, should be pursued is job satisfaction. Imagine, you get a slightly higher salary than the old place, but even your workplace uncomfortable, which undermines the boss, coworkers who are not reliable, and more.

4. The temptation is to increase industry
There are times an industry that impressed really tempting and promises a bright future. But this should really pay attention, because it could lead to the downfall of instant fame is quite deep. Do not be easily tempted by new industries, deeply learned first.

5. Narrow focus
One of the most common problem is ambition and fear of specific things. Many are thinking about changing careers forget to notice other things that are actually more suitable for him. Do not just stare at things narrow. A time to ourselves to open our hearts and minds to other work which is likely more appropriate.

6. Too educated
Education is one of the wrong perception of the world's most common job search. Thought that the title of S2 is definitely promising position at the highest level is not always true. Today many well-educated middle-or usual but was able to occupy the highest position in the company. One of the things that is often forgotten is that one's experience in the field also enter the calculation and have sizable effects.

7. Relying on help from others
Counselor jobs, agencies, or headhunters are parties that promise to help change a career. Feeling is believing in these parties, many people who then sit back and wait for the phone. This is wrong. The parties could help, but you do not know whether their search results will be quite comfortable with you or not. In addition to asking for their help, try also to find their own jobs if right for you and control your career destiny.

8. There's no mission statement
To get ahead and know what is intended, you need a restriction and the goal. So, if career change is what you dream, create a mission statement. Perdetil what you want to achieve from this major change. The best method is to search and view the opportunities before it actually falls. If you fail to plan, you plan a failure just the same.

9. Lazy fix resume
Resumes are one of the gates to change careers. Fix and update your resume before the new spread. Most people often do not know that a bad resume can send a bad statement about you. Resume an incomplete or bad can reduce the potential for your receipt at the place you are applying. Prepare an appropriate resume and not long-winded, and affirm your ability and experience.

10. Contact a few
Before you begin a drastic change it, try to call some old friends which is quite close to you. Ask them for a moment of time to help you, because it could be they have a recommendation for you.

11. Wandering in the virtual world
Besides friends, no internet that can help you find a job. Use it and dig as possible from the internet, but do not rely fully to him. As the placement agency, there are few things that could be assisted by the site for you. Sometimes, long lines can be a good thing for you.

12. Less consideration
The problem is the confidence and interpersonal attitudes. When you search for a new career, you have the courage of course with the provision of sufficient knowledge. When all preparations had been steady and calculated, go forth with confidence that you can succeed. Show authoritative and confident persona. This is the attitude of someone who wants to undergo a new career.

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5 Steps Before Change Profession

career change requires a mature mind, and a strong willingness to learn. So if you feel the change professions do you need to do, here are six steps to begin to achieve it.

1. Create a list of careers that most makes you interested. Be sure to do research to know the ins and outs of this job. The easiest way is, for example, the standard salary. Also, what your duties, if required you to travel a lot, what's the biggest challenge of the work, or how the potential of this field for your career.

2. Perform a job search based on your list. Give emphasis on work that seems the most sought-after than others, and cross the kind of work did not appear to be sufficiently developed.

3. Choose a list of occupations that you have made the main choice, then consider when you are going to start this new career. Some jobs may require short training, you can do before starting work, or afterwards. There are so many areas that require training or courses, some of which are:

* Paralegal. The so-called legal assistants or paralegals actually exist at all in the company's legal department. His job, among others, analyze the various government policies for the company. But if you mean a paralegal at the offices of lawyers, then your duty to support the lawyers. For example, gather information or conduct research on the client or the party who sued the client.

* Capital markets. Both the stock investors experienced and novice stock investors could take a course such shares held by the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Material capital market investment is given to the class basic, intermediate, to advanced. BEI also open a special share classes for women.

* Marketing. Many aspects of marketing that you can learn, such as integrated marketing communication, marketing research, marketing strategy, and so forth. Some of the business consulting company that has this program include i-COACH, or MarkPlus & Co..

* Translation. You know, not just anyone can be a translator. To become a master interpreter of grammar, language approach to culture, and language of reason, you must master the techniques. One translator education institutions offering this program is Hapsa et Studia, located in Building Widya Dharma Arthur, road Wahid Hasyim, Central Jakarta.

There are many workshops that you can follow, as field of work you seek.

4. Now you have to follow courses in your first. However, your task is not complete. In addition to receiving all the knowledge you need, you also need to establish a relationship or networking with peers and instructors in your class. Who knew you could get information from their job? If your performance is good enough, it could be your instructors offer directly to your job.

5. Start making job applications. Please update the old resume, and submit your objective, why would you want to change course. Practice to sell yourself, about the interests and achievements you have done. Then, be prepared to start working!

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